Background Concept About Cross Site Scripting ( XSS ) With Examples
Now we are going to talk about XSS cross site scripting. XSS Vulnerabilities are among the most wide spread wab application vulnerabilities on the internet.
Cross-site-scripting (XSS) attacks are a type of injection, in which malicious scripts are injected into otherwise benign and trusted web sites. XSS attacks occur when an attacker uses a web application to send malicous code, generally in the form of a browser side script, to a different end user. Flaws that allow these attacks to succeed are quite widespread and occur antwhere a web application uses input from a user within the output it generates without validating or encoding it.
Background concept about cross site scripting with examples
An attacker can use XSS to send a malicious script to an unsuspecting user. The end user's browsers has no way to kmow that the script should not be trusted, and will execute the script. Because it thinks the script came from a trusted source, the malicious script can access any cookies, session tokens or, other sensitive information retined by the browser and used with that site.
cross site scripting with examples
It's refer to client side injection attack where an attacker can execute malicious scripts into a legitimate website or web application. By leavrging a cross site scipting, an attacker doesn't target the victim directly instead an attacker would exploit a vulnerability within a web applications or websites that the victim would visit essentially using the vulnerable website as a vehicle the deliver the malcious script to the victim's browser. basicallly we will use a website to deliver our payloads to the victime, when victim visit into that they paylaod are will executed and the payload will to our job, payload can be malicious, payload can be simple whatever.
xss examples
Let's talk about impact of XSS
1)
Cookie theft
2)
Keylogging
3)
Phishing
4)
URL Redirection
cross site scripting can be used to a part of URL redirection. Cookies stealing, Keylogging, Phishing etc.
so, in order to run our javascript
malicious script in a victim's browser, an attacker must first find a way to
inject a
payload into web page. That's the
victim visit.
for exploitation,
attacker can used social engineering way such as
email, click jacking to manipulate user for
executation to our payload.
Let's talk about the Types of XSS...
Mainly cross site scriptings are parts of three types :-
1)
Reflected XSS
2)
Stored XSS
3)
DOM-based XSS
Reflected XSS or Stored XSS
It's a most common types of Cross site scripting, attacker payload script has to be part of the request which is send to the website an reflect back in such as a way that the HTTP response includes that the payload.
so, basically reflected cross site scripting are required client site interaction, if user will visit that the vulnerable web page and server will deliver our paylaod to the users browse here, then user stored this but server want any payload,we will deliver our paylaod to the client browser and if client visiting that then there's a client side attacks.
sql injection cheatsheet
DOM Based XSS :-
it's a advance type of cross site scripting attack, which be made possibly when the web application client site scripting writes user provides a data into a document objects model. The Most dangerous parts of this attack is client side attacks.
how to prevent from sql injection
In the attacker's payload is never sent to the server, this makes it will more to detect web application firewall and security engineers.
so basically let's take example of Reflected, stored and DOM through practially,
This is a website
testphp.vulnweb.com
So we will type something in the search box like Hello or
HackingTruth.in and hit go button...
so it's a reflected but not stored, it's not storing..
so there may be reflected cross site scripting.
Now. let's click on the signup option and you can try withlogin based application and if i will give a any text like
kumaratuljaiswal.in
DOM XSS
if i will give any parameter like hello
paramter=hello
<script></script>
and just executing to the user's context, nor the server side to the sever application, then there may be DOM based...
Example this
prompt.mI/O
this is not sending to the server there are executing to the our context, if i will give anypayload there and it will execute then this is called DOM based scripting.
cross site scripting how to prevent
see this
so just only executing on the user's script, nor the server side nor to the client side.
How to Hunt for XSS ?
- Find a Input parameter, Give any input there and not senitizer then If your input reflect or stored any where there may be XSS.
- Try to execute any javascript code there, if you succeed to execute any javascript then there is a XSS
you'll find a input parameter then give input there , if your input reflect or stored anywhere there may be cross site scripting.
cross site scripting example
XSS Cheatsheet Here :-
Click Here
I hope its clear to about The Background concept of cross site scripting :-)
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