Top Computer Problems with Solution For IT, Desktop, Help Desk Support

Hello guys in this blog, I will discuss with you the most common computer problems and their solutions. So, the first problem that is commonly observed is that our computer slows down over time. That's a very big problem.

So, for that, you should first know that all our software and documents are basically saved in our C drive, which we call the primary drive. And gradually, as we work, install software, and save files, the C drive will fill up. As soon as the C drive is full or nearly full, the system will automatically start to slow down. 

So, what is the solution? 

The first solution is to check the Recycle Bin. Empty the Recycle Bin, because the Recycle Bin is a folder where all our deleted files are saved. Deleting them will release some memory. 


Besides that, go to the Control Panel and uninstall any unnecessary software that you have installed and are not using. This will also free up some space.

Additionally, there are some temporary files in our system with the extension ".tmp" so open run box with the help of ctrl + R and type without "%temp%". 

You can search for them and delete them.


Furthermore, if you want to check the size of your C drive, every Windows computer has a folder called My PC or Computer. If you open it, you will see something like this (I have shared a small diagram). So, here, the C drive shows how much free space is available out of 111 GB. This means that your hard disk drive is mostly full, so you need to reduce some data from it. 


Because if it goes any higher, you can see it has turned red. Red means that the storage is quite full, and you should reduce the amount of storage used. Besides this, this is how you check the drive. Besides that, you should know that there are some software programs and applications that launch automatically as soon as you start your computer.


To see these, you can search for "System Configuration Tool" in Windows. When you search for this, a window like this will open. It has several tabs: General, Boot, Services, Startup, and Tools. By going to the Startup tab, you can see which applications and software programs are loading automatically when Windows starts. You can disable them by clicking the checkboxes, or you can disable all of them. However, my recommendation is that if you don't know which ones to disable, please don't do this. Otherwise, your system might encounter problems.

Computer Hanging

Now, a computer can hang at any time, and the main reasons for a computer hanging are:

First, a virus infection. The solution for a virus is antivirus software, so you should have updated antivirus software on your computer. Many antivirus programs are available in the market. Windows also comes with its own built-in Windows Defender.

Install Defender, and it will automatically provide virus protection. Otherwise, there are other options like Quick Heal, K7, etc.  Many such antivirus software programs are available that you can download to protect your system from viruses. Besides that, a faulty SMPS (Switched-Mode Power Supply) can also cause problems.

The SMPS is the power supply unit of our system; it's located inside the CPU or cabinet. If your SMPS is faulty, the system can hang. The only solution is to replace the SMPS with a new one to solve this problem. You should know that our computers have many cooling fans, such as one on the SMPS. Besides that, there's also a fan on the CPU chip, the processor. If any of your fans are faulty, it's better to replace them with new ones so that your system doesn't hang. Furthermore, if the operating system becomes corrupted, if Windows gets corrupted, our system can also hang in that case. In that situation, you should install a fresh copy of the operating system.

Slow Software Performance

The next problem is slow software performance. What should you do if your software is running slowly? There are mainly two reasons why software runs slowly. The first is that your system's processing power is slow. Your CPU is old and outdated, and the new or heavy software isn't running properly on it. In that case, you should install a new motherboard and CPU, which can solve your problem. Besides that, if your system has insufficient RAM, that can also be a reason for slow software performance. In that case, you should increase your RAM, which can solve your problem to some extent.

Here, I've provided a small table of different processors available in the market. For example, the Core i3 and Ryzen 3. The Core i3 is an Intel product, and the Ryzen is an AMD product... Both of these products are available in the market. If we talk about CPUs or processors, you can see that it's clearly mentioned that the Core i3 and Ryzen 3 are for basic operations. If you need it for domestic use, you can opt for this processor. If you have a mid-level use case, like in an office, and you think you'll be using your laptop or PC quite a bit, then you can get an i5. If you want a gaming laptop or need to use high-end graphics, you can purchase a Core i7 or Ryzen 7. 

And if you have professional requirements, then the i9 or Ryzen 9 are both available options in the market. These are the different types of CPUs available. The table also provides information about their clock speed and the number of cores. So, you can choose any CPU according to your requirements.

Blue Screen Problem

The blue screen problem isn't very common, but it does occur. The screen looks something like this, and it usually displays an error code. So, what should you do in this case? This problem can arise due to two reasons. First, it could be a RAM issue. In that case, you need to detach the RAM from the motherboard and then reattach it. 

This might solve the problem. If it doesn't, you'll need to replace the RAM. Besides that, this problem can also be related to Windows, a hardware issue, or a driver problem. By looking at the error code, you'll get an idea of ​​what the error is. Search for that error code online, on Google, and you'll find all the information you need on how to resolve the issue.

Reboot and Select Proper Device Message

Reboot and select proper device message. This is what it looks like. Now, the reason for this is quite clear.

There are two possible reasons. Either the bootable disk was not selected, or the operating system is corrupted. If the bootable disk is not selected, then as soon as the system starts, press the F8 or Delete key on your keyboard to open the startup screen. From that screen, you can choose the proper bootable disk, which will solve the problem. And if your operating system is corrupted, you will need to reinstall the operating system, which will also resolve this issue. 

Internet Not Working

The internet is not working on our PC/laptop. There could be two reasons for this. The first is a problem with your internet service provider. If the problem is on their end, you'll need to contact them. The second possibility is a problem with your hardware.

Your router might be faulty, there might be a problem with the modem, a wire might be broken, or there could be some other reason. So what do you need to do?  You'll need to repair or replace any hardware or software that's causing the problem. This should resolve your internet connectivity issues. 

Hard disk failure

Hard disk failure is one of the most common and critical issues faced by IT Support, Desktop Support, and Helpdesk Engineers. A failing hard drive can lead to system crashes, data loss, slow performance, and business downtime.
Understanding the symptoms, causes, and troubleshooting steps is essential for every support engineer.

What Is Hard Disk Failure?

Hard disk failure occurs when a storage device (HDD or SSD) stops functioning properly and can no longer read or write data reliably.
This failure can be partial (system still boots but works slowly) or complete (system does not boot at all).

Common Symptoms of Hard Disk Failure

• As an IT support engineer, you should watch for these warning signs:
• System boot failure or “No boot device found”
• Frequent system hangs or blue screen errors
• Unusual clicking or grinding noise (HDD)
• Very slow file access or application loading
• Files getting corrupted automatically
• SMART errors during startup

Disk not detected in BIOS

Types of Hard Disk Failures

1. Logical Failure

• Caused by corrupted file system, malware, or improper shutdown
• Disk is physically fine
• Often recoverable using software tools

2. Mechanical Failure (HDD)

• Caused by damaged platters, read/write head crash
• Produces clicking noise
• Usually requires replacement

3. Electronic Failure

• PCB or controller board damage
• Disk not detected at all

4. SSD Failure

• Controller failure or memory wear-out
• Sudden data loss without warning
• Common Causes of Hard Disk Failure
• Power fluctuations or sudden power loss
• Overheating due to poor ventilation
• Physical shock or dropping the laptop
• Malware or ransomware attacks
• Bad sectors increasing over time

Aging hardware (end of disk life)

How IT Support Engineers Diagnose Hard Disk Issues

Step 1: Basic Checks

• Check disk detection in BIOS/UEFI
• Verify SATA / power cable connections
• Try connecting disk to another system

Step 2: Software-Level Checks

• Run CHKDSK in Windows
• Check SMART status using tools
• Review Event Viewer logs

Step 3: Performance Analysis

• Monitor disk usage in Task Manager
• Check read/write speed degradation
• Troubleshooting Steps for Desktop Support Engineers
• Backup critical user data immediately
• Run disk repair tools if logical failure
• Scan system for malware
• Reinstall OS if file system is corrupted
• Replace hard disk if mechanical failure is confirmed
• Restore data from backup after replacement
• Best Practices to Prevent Hard Disk Failure
• Always maintain regular data backups
• Use UPS to prevent power-related damage
• Keep system temperature under control
• Avoid improper shutdowns
• Monitor disk health periodically
• Upgrade from HDD to SSD for better reliability

When Should You Replace the Hard Disk?

Replace the disk if:

• SMART status shows failure
• Bad sectors keep increasing
• System crashes continue after OS reinstall
• Disk is older than 4–5 years (HDD)

Role of IT Support During Hard Disk Failure

An IT Support Engineer must:

• Minimize downtime
• Communicate clearly with the user
• Follow data security policies
• Escalate to vendor if under warranty
• Update asset and incident records

Disclaimer

How to prevent users from accessing the control panel

While attempting multiple times wrong password is occur problem for you so lets fix it when user try to login own account in windows 10 and if user forgot password then how can i lock user account after trying multiple times wrong password even might be possible some unauthorized person trying to access the accounts. So, here comes with lockout policy where you can safe your users account by administrator.

What is Lockout Policy ? 

A lockout policy in windows is a security features that help protects user accounts from unauthorized access by locking the account after a specific number of failed login attempts. This policy is designed to prevent brute force attacks. Where attackers repeatedly try different passwords to gain access.

Let's Prevent Step by Step  

-- For doing this task you must have a user with administrative rights of administrator account. 

-- Press win + r and type "secpol.msc" windows. Click on "OK".

-- After opening local security policy > go to "account policies" >  "account lockout policy" .

-- then right click on "account lockout threshold" > and go to properties and set "account will lock out after "1"  minute " > then apply / Ok.

-- then same as right click on "account lockout duration" > and go to properties and set "account lockout duration "1"  minute " > then apply / Ok.

-- then same as right click on "reset account lockout counter after" > and go to properties and set "1"  minute " > then apply / Ok.

-- then open cmd prompt and type "gpupdate /force " it will update policy for all user.

-- So you can check after attempting 3 times wrong password user getting pop and saying you account has been locked so wait for some times.

So finally we got it!.

Purpose of the "net_user" cmd in windows ? 

The net_user cmd in windows is used to manage user ccount on a local or remote computer. It allows administrator and users with the necessary privilege to create, modify, delete and view user account and their settings from the cmd prompts.

Disclaimer

Disable to firewall in windows server 2019

To disable the firewall in Windows Server 2019, you can use PowerShell for a quick command (Set-NetFirewallProfile -Profile Domain,Public,Private -Enabled false), the GUI via Server Manager (Local Server -> Windows Defender Firewall -> On -> Off for each profile), or Command Prompt (netsh advfirewall set allprofiles state off) for all profiles, but PowerShell offers the most straightforward method for all profiles at once, ensuring all network types are covered. Lets follow the step by step.

A firewall is a security device—either hardware, software, or both—that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predefined security rules. The main purpose of a firewall is to act as a barrier between a trusted internal network and untrusted external networks, such as the internet. It helps protect systems from unauthorized access, cyberattacks, malware,
and data breaches. 

Disable the firewall 

For disabling the firewall in windows server, open run cmd with the help of win + r and type firewall.cpl then hit enter

Then go to turn windows defender firewall on or off after that 

 In a practical setup, firewalls are used to:

● Block or allow specific ports or IP addresses.
● Filter traffic based on protocols and applications.
● Prevent access to malicious websites or content.

Disclaimer

How to prevent users from accessing the control panel

Lets start with policy- 

• Inherited Policy
• Explicit Policy

A policy is a set of rules, principles, or guidelines established, by an organization to regulate action , ensure consistency and achieve specific goals, Policies provide a framework for decision making and help maintain order & compilance with a system.

What is Inherited Policy ?

Inherited policy permissions are automatically passed down from a parent object (such as a folder) to its child objects (sub-folder and files). They simplify permission management by ensuring consistency across an entire directory structure. 

Characterstics -

-- Automatically propaged from parent to child objects.

-- Reduce administrative overhead by providing consistent access.

-- Can be over-hidden by explicit policy

-- Can by disable if needed.

What is Explicit policy ?

 Explicit permissions are manually set or assigned to a file, folder or object by any administrator of system owner. They take priority over inherited permissions and apply on the specific object they are set on.

Characterstics - 

-- Applied directly to a resources (file ,folder ,registry key)

-- Not affected by changes in parent object.

 How to assign a permission on a local user in local machine (standalone)?

Standard User Account (Local User) - This account is having limited permission, allows basic task like running application and changing personal settings ,This cannot install software or change system wide settings. This account is allowed for doing its daily basic task, what it is allowed for.  

-- For doing this task you must have a user with administrative rights of administrator account. 

-- Press win + r and type "mmc" (microsoft management console) windows. Click on "files" & then click on "add/remove snap-In" 

-- Then on windows search "Group policy object editor" then click on "Add".

-- In the next windows, click on Browser and go to the "user" tab.

-- Click on the user, on which you need to assign permissions.

-- Then click on "OK" and then finish.

-- Click on "OK" and return on mmc windows.

-- then assign the permission and click on the close. It ask you to save the so click on the save button.

-- Open cmd prompt and run the "gpupdate / force"

-- Logout from the administrator 

-- Login to the user account & check whether the policy works or not.

Disclaimer

How to setup workgroup domain environment in windows 

Environment - It is the set of connection in which we try to perform the task. This help our operating system to work in the surroundings and lets the user do the task. 


By default our operating system works on workgroup.

There are two members of operating system -
1) workgroup 
2) Domain 

Workgroup Enviornment?

A workgroup is a basic network model in windows basic system where computers and connected to peer peer (p2p)  network.

Used in small network (eg home, or small office) where is computer operated independently without a centralised server for management.

Key features 

1) No centralized administrator 

-- Each computer has its own user account and its security setting. 

-- User must manually create accounts on each system they need access to. 


2) Peer to Peer Networking 

-- Computer work group acts as both client and server.

-- File and printer can be shared without dedicated server. 


3) Limited to small network 

-- Suitable for 10 to 20 computers 

-- Does not well scale for large enterprises. 


4) Independent security management 

-- No centralise authentication like active directory 

-- Users must login separately on each machine 


5) Simple set up and maintenance 

-- No need for domain controller on specialised IT staff

-- Cost home networks and small business

Advantages - 

• Simplicity
• No-central server
• Flexiability
• Decentralization
• Easy sharing

Disadvantages

• Scalability Issues
• Security concern
• no central backup
• administrative overhead
• inconsitent settings

 Lets do practical -

Practical on workgroup - we are going to have 2 virutal machine over windows 10 pro OS.

Deploying of Workgroup in that state -

1. On public network (PAN-Private Area Network)
2. Sharing file in public network
3. Establishing private network (offline)
4. Sharing file in  private network

 First we can see that we have two machine like first one is "windows 10 x64" and second one is "clone windows 10 x64"

Both machine are working in work-group : 

Now we will test both machine's IP reachable to each other or not.

NOTE - windows 10 x64 - Denote as an Administrator   

NOTE - clone of windows 10 x64 - Denote as an UserA

-- ipconfig (administrator) IP is 192.168.30.129

-- ipconfig (userA) IP is 192.168.30.131

userA

If we will check administrator's IP is reachable or not - so check it for this cmd ping 192.168.30.129 in userA account But as of now not accessible or request time out.

userA

 same as it If we will check UserA's IP is reachable or not - so check it for this cmd ping 192.168.30.131 in administrator account But as of now not accessible or request time out.

adminstrator

 So why it is coming like that because of internal connectivity is blocking so for this we will fix it by run cmd > win + r > and type "firewall.cpl" and hit enter 

adminstrator

adminstrator

 now  if we will check in userA account with the help of administrator account's IP with this cmd ping 192.168.30.129

userA

Now as it as same disable the firewall in userA account 

now it is working ping request (ping 192.168.30.129) in administrator account. 

administrator

File Sharing  

For file sharing in same network we will create folder first in administrator account > go to file's properties > go to "sharing" > and click on share.. button.

Now add everyone 

 and give permission "Read/Write" 

 click on "share" button 

then check on checkbox folder > then click on permission button  

  then go to advance sharing 

 then allow all permission and check on checkbox > click OK.

 In userA account you can access via win + r run command with the help of administrator account's IP ( //192.168.30.129 ) and hit enter. 

 If you want you can setup this network at one time then whenever you want you can access it like for this > right click on network > map network drive 

then type administrator account's IP (\\192.168.30.129\file-sharing) > finish.

Now you are able to file sharing to each other in same network (but different account like first one is actual windows 10 x64 and second one is clone of windows 10 x64)

NOTE - if in case it will ask for username & password then simple you can provide   

 File Sharing in Private Network 

File sharing in a private network (like a home or office LAN) involves configuring network settings to allow discovery and sharing, then sharing specific folders with defined permissions (Read/Write),  

For this we will go first VMware administrator account' setting . 

then go to network adapter section and set custom : specific virtual network and select vmnet4 > then press OK. 

same as it as we will do in userA VMware's setting.

After completing this setting type win + r and type ncpa.cpl and press OK > then right click on Ethernet0 and go to properties.  

then uncheck the IPv6 box > then check on IP4 checkbox > then double click on IPv4  

 then click on "use the following IP address"  > then type IP like 192.168.1.2 then when click on subnet mask column it will automatically assign subnet mask < OK < OK.

 then if you will check in administrator's IP in cmd prompt (ipconfig). so as you can see here IP is 192.168.1.2

 Now as it as repeat in userA account.

  then if you will check in userA's IP in cmd prompt (ipconfig). so as you can see here IP is 192.168.1.3

Now you can ping request in each account like that below image you can see in administrator account 

Disclaimer