Domain and IP Address

                             Domain                                    



The hierarchy of labels in a fully qualified domain name.
A domain name is an identification string that defines a realm of administrative autonomy,
authority or control within the Internet. Domain names are formed by the rules and procedures
 of the Domain Name System (DNS). Any name registered in the DNS is a domain name. Domain names are used in various networking contexts and for application-specific naming and addressing
purposes. In general, a domain name represents an Internet Protocol (IP) resource,


such as a personal computer used to access the Internet, a server computer hosting a web site,
 or the web site itself or any other service communicated via the Internet. In 2017, 330.6 million
domain names had been registered.



Domain names are organized in subordinate levels (subdomains) of the DNS root domain,
which is nameless. The first-level set of domain names are the top-level domains (TLDs),
 including the generic top-level domains (gTLDs), such as the prominent domains com, info,
net, edu, and org, and the country code top-level domains (ccTLDs). Below these top-level
 domains in the DNS hierarchy are the second-level and third-level domain names that are
typically open for reservation by end-users who wish to connect local area networks to the
Internet, create other publicly accessible Internet resources or run web sites.



The registration of these domain names is usually administered by domain name registrars who
sell their services to the public.



A fully qualified domain name (FQDN) is a domain name that is completely specified with all
 labels in the hierarchy of the DNS, having no parts omitted. Labels in the Domain Name System
are case-insensitive, and may therefore be written in any desired capitalization method,
but most commonly domain names are written in lowercase in technical contexts.





                               Purpose                                   

Domain names serve to identify Internet resources, such as computers, networks, and services,
with a text-based label that is easier to memorize than the numerical addresses used in the
Internet protocols. A domain name may represent entire collections of such resources or individual
instances. Individual Internet host computers use domain names as host identifiers, also called host names.



The term host name is also used for the leaf labels in the domain name system, usually without further
subordinate domain name space. Host names appear as a component in Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) for
Internet resources such as web sites.



Domain names are also used as simple identification labels to indicate ownership or control
of a resource. Such examples are the realm identifiers used in the Session Initiation Protocol
(SIP), the Domain Keys used to verify DNS domains in e-mail systems, and in many other Uniform
Resource Identifiers (URIs).



An important function of domain names is to provide easily recognizable and memorizable names
to numerically addressed Internet resources. This abstraction allows any resource to be moved
to a different physical location in the address topology of the network, globally or locally
in an intranet. Such a move usually requires changing the IP address of a resource and the
corresponding translation of this IP address to and from its domain name.



Domain names are used to establish a unique identity. Organizations can choose a domain name
that corresponds to their name, helping Internet users to reach them easily.





                             IP  Address                               



An Internet Protocol address (IP address) is a numerical label assigned to each device
connected to a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication.
 An IP address serves two principal functions: host or network interface identification
and location addressing.

Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) defines an IP address as a 32-bit number.
However, because of the growth of the Internet and the depletion of available IPv4 addresses,
a new version of IP (IPv6), using 128 bits for the IP address, was developed in 1995, and
standardized in December 1998.[4] In July 2017, a final definition of the protocol was
published. IPv6 deployment has been ongoing since the mid-2000s.






IP addresses are usually written and displayed in human-readable notations, such
as 172.16.254.1 in IPv4, and 2001:db8:0:1234:0:567:8:1 in IPv6. The size of the
routing prefix of the address is designated in CIDR notation by suffixing the address
with the number of significant bits, e.g., 192.168.1.15/24, which is equivalent
to the historically used subnet mask 255.255.255.0.



The IP address space is managed globally by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA),
and by five regional Internet registries (RIRs) responsible in their designated territories
for assignment to end users and local Internet registries, such as Internet service providers.
IPv4 addresses have been distributed by IANA to the RIRs in blocks of approximately 16.8 million
addresses each. Each ISP or private network administrator assigns an IP address to each device
connected to its network. Such assignments may be on a static (fixed or permanent) or dynamic basis, depending on its software and practices.



What is Domain On YouTube













                             IP Version                                

Two versions of the Internet Protocol are in common use in the Internet today.
The original version of the Internet Protocol that was first deployed in 1983 in
the ARPANET, the predecessor of the Internet, is Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4).



The rapid exhaustion of IPv4 address space available for assignment to Internet service
providers and end user organizations by the early 1990s, prompted the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF) to explore new technologies to expand the addressing capability in the
Internet. The result was a redesign of the Internet Protocol which became eventually known
as Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) in 1995. IPv6 technology was in various testing
stages until the mid-2000s, when commercial production deployment commenced.






Today, these two versions of the Internet Protocol are in simultaneous use. Among other
technical changes, each version defines the format of addresses differently. Because of
the historical prevalence of IPv4, the generic term IP address typically still refers to
the addresses defined by IPv4. The gap in version sequence between IPv4 and IPv6 resulted
from the assignment of version 5 to the experimental Internet Stream Protocol in 1979, which
however was never referred to as IPv5.





Have a Nice Stay Here   :)